Anthropocene subsurface · Commonwealth of Pennsylvania · compiled 15 Oct 2026

Pennsylvania Subsurface Atlas

Extraction entries, surface disturbance, workings, natural voids, drilled wells and shale fracture zones, aggregated by county from state records. A time control adds or removes mine permits and shale wells by period. Every layer carries an evidence tier.

Growth over time

Bars count records by decade of the permit's issue date, not by when digging began. Industrial-mineral permits cluster after 2000 because the database holds current permits, not their predecessors. Shale wells count by spud year.